{"id":1163,"date":"2015-11-19T05:35:21","date_gmt":"2015-11-19T02:35:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cycca.org\/%cf%80%ce%bf%ce%b9%ce%bf%cf%84%ce%b7%cf%84%ce%b1-%ce%b6%cf%89%ce%b7%cf%83-%cf%83%cf%84%ce%bf%cf%85%cf%83-%ce%b1%cf%83%ce%b8%ce%b5%ce%bd%ce%b5%ce%b9%cf%83-%ce%bc%ce%b5-%ce%b9%ce%b4%ce%b9%ce%bf%cf%80\/"},"modified":"2026-06-12T12:20:21","modified_gmt":"2026-06-12T09:20:21","slug":"%cf%80%ce%bf%ce%b9%ce%bf%cf%84%ce%b7%cf%84%ce%b1-%ce%b6%cf%89%ce%b7%cf%83-%cf%83%cf%84%ce%bf%cf%85%cf%83-%ce%b1%cf%83%ce%b8%ce%b5%ce%bd%ce%b5%ce%b9%cf%83-%ce%bc%ce%b5-%ce%b9%ce%b4%ce%b9%ce%bf%cf%80","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cycca.org\/en\/%ce%b5%ce%bd%ce%b7%ce%bc%ce%b5%cf%81%cf%8e%cf%83%ce%b5%ce%b9%cf%82-%ce%b1%ce%bd%ce%b1%ce%ba%ce%bf%ce%b9%ce%bd%cf%8e%cf%83%ce%b5%ce%b9%cf%82\/%cf%80%ce%bf%ce%b9%ce%bf%cf%84%ce%b7%cf%84%ce%b1-%ce%b6%cf%89%ce%b7%cf%83-%cf%83%cf%84%ce%bf%cf%85%cf%83-%ce%b1%cf%83%ce%b8%ce%b5%ce%bd%ce%b5%ce%b9%cf%83-%ce%bc%ce%b5-%ce%b9%ce%b4%ce%b9%ce%bf%cf%80\/","title":{"rendered":"\u03a0\u039f\u0399\u039f\u03a4\u0397\u03a4\u0391 \u0396\u03a9\u0397\u03a3 \u03a3\u03a4\u039f\u03a5\u03a3 \u0391\u03a3\u0398\u0395\u039d\u0395\u0399\u03a3 \u039c\u0395 \u0399\u0394\u0399\u039f\u03a0\u0391\u0398\u0395\u0399\u03a3 \u03a6\u039b\u0395\u0393\u039c\u039f\u039d\u03a9\u0394\u0395\u0399\u03a3 \u039d\u039f\u03a3\u039f\u03a5\u03a3 \u03a4\u039f\u03a5 \u0395\u039d\u03a4\u0395\u03a1\u039f\u03a5"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u03a3\u03a5\u03a3\u03a7\u0395\u03a4\u0399\u0396\u039f\u039c\u0395\u039d\u0397 \u039c\u0395 \u03a4\u0397\u039d \u03a5\u0393\u0395\u0399\u0391 \u03a0\u039f\u0399\u039f\u03a4\u0397\u03a4\u0391 \u0396\u03a9\u0397\u03a3 \u03a3\u03a4\u039f\u03a5\u03a3 \u0391\u03a3\u0398\u0395\u039d\u0395\u0399\u03a3 \u039c\u0395 \u0399\u0394\u0399\u039f\u03a0\u0391\u0398\u0395\u0399\u03a3 \u03a6\u039b\u0395\u0393\u039c\u039f\u039d\u03a9\u0394\u0395\u0399\u03a3 \u039d\u039f\u03a3\u039f\u03a5\u03a3 \u03a4\u039f\u03a5 \u0395\u039d\u03a4\u0395\u03a1\u039f\u03a5 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Maria Tsoukka<sup>1,2<\/sup>, Eleni Jelastopulu<sup>1,3<\/sup>, George Charalambous<sup>1,4<\/sup><\/p>\n<p><sup>1<\/sup>Postgraduate Program Health Management, Frederick University, Nicosia, Cyprus<\/p>\n<p><sup>2<\/sup>General Hospital of Larnaca, Larnaca, Cyprus<\/p>\n<p><sup>3<\/sup>Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Greece<\/p>\n<p><sup>4<\/sup>General Hospital of Athens \u201cHippocratio\u201d, Athens, Greece<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0395\u0399\u03a3\u0391\u0393\u03a9\u0393\u0397 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u039f\u03b9 \u0399\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03a6\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ce\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u039d\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 (\u0399\u03a6\u039d\u0395) \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c9\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03b1.\u00a0 \u03a4\u03b9\u03c2 \u039a\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u039c\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03c9\u03bd \u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b7 \u0395\u03bb\u03ba\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039a\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1 (Ulcerative Colitis) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Crohn. \u0397 \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2 Crohn (Crohn Disease) \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03ae\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c9\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03b1 \u00a0\u03ae \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b7 \u0395\u03bb\u03ba\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039a\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1.\u00a0 \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c6\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c1\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 (Baumgart and Carding, 2007).\u00a0 \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03a0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u0396\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd (Pontes, et al., 2004).<\/p>\n<p>\u039f \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0399\u03a6\u039d\u0395 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2.\u00a0 \u0397 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae, \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03cd\u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 (\u0393\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b9\u03b4\u03ac\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd., 2011, \u039c\u03bf\u03c5\u03b6\u03ac\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03a0\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2, 2001).<\/p>\n<p>\u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c7\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u00a0 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b2\u03bf\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c9\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf (Bowlling, 1995).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0 \u0399\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03a6\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ce\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u039d\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0395\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 (\u0399\u03a6\u039d\u0395)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u039f\u03b9 \u0399\u03a6\u039d\u0395 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c1\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c6\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd. \u039f\u03b9 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0399\u03a6\u039d\u0395 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2 Crohn \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u0395\u03bb\u03ba\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039a\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 ( Cosnes, et al., 2011).<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2. \u0397 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03c8\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c6\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd. \u03a0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b2\u03c1\u03ad\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf \u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b9\u03bf\u03af, \u03c4\u03b1\u00a0 \u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1, \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1, \u03b7\u00a0 \u03bb\u03ae\u03c8\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c1\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03ac\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf stress , \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2,\u00a0 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd. \u039f \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bc\u03c6\u03af\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ae\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.efcca.org\">www.efcca.org<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u03a0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u0396\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2 \u03a3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03a5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0397 &lt;&lt;\u03a0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2&gt;&gt; \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf 1948 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03a0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u039f\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03a5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 (\u03a0\u039f\u03a5) \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd &lt;&lt;\u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1&gt;&gt; \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2, \u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 (Bjornson and Mitchell , 2000).<\/p>\n<p>\u03a3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03ba\u03c5\u03c8\u03b5, \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1, \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c6\u03c4\u03c9\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9.\u00a0 \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03bf\u03b4\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c8\u03ac\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1\u03b4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0396\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2 (\u03a0\u0396).\u00a0 \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bf \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u2019 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b8\u03b1\u03bb\u03c8\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 (Verissimo, 1995).<\/p>\n<p>\u0388\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03a0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u0396\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03cd\u03c7\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03bf \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03a5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03a0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u0396\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2 (\u03a3\u03a5\u03a0\u0396).\u00a0 \u0397 \u03a3\u03a5\u03a0\u0396 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Drossman \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 (Moons, 2004 &amp; Juniper, et al., 2001).<\/p>\n<p>\u03a3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Hatziagorou et al \u03b7 \u03a3\u03a5\u03a0\u0396 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03af \u03bf \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b9\u03ce\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bf \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 (Hatziagorou, et al., 2002).<\/p>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c6\u03c1\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf, \u03ae \u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03b7 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 (Till, et al., 1992).<\/p>\n<p>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03a3\u03a5\u03a0\u0396 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03af \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af, \u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03b5\u03ba \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd (Ware, et al., 1980) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03cb\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 &lt;&lt;\u0399\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u0396\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2&gt;&gt; (Spitzer WO. et al, 1981).<\/p>\n<p>\u0388\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03a3\u03a5\u03a0\u0396 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae (Bowling, 1995).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u03a0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03af \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03a0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u0396\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u0399\u03a6\u039d\u0395<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u03a8\u03c5\u03c7\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0394\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c6\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ce\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 UC \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 CD \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 (Tocchi, 1997 &amp; Engel, 1955).<\/p>\n<p>\u03a0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u0399\u03a6\u039d\u0395 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf.\u00a0\u00a0 \u0399\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1930 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03be\u03b1\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1\u00a0 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0399\u03a6\u039d\u0395 (Keefer, et al., 2008).\u00a0 \u0395\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03bf\u03b9 \u0399\u03a6\u039d\u0395 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ac\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03ae\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.\u00a0 \u039c\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bc\u03c6\u03b9\u03c3\u03b2\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc (Keefer, et al., 2008 and Mounder &amp; Levenstein, 2008).<\/p>\n<p>\u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u00a0 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c9\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03c9\u03bd (Shearman, et al., 1997 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 Feldmanm, et al., 2002).\u00a0 \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u0399\u03a6\u039d\u0395, \u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03bb\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ac\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 (\u03c0.\u03c7 \u03b7 \u03b9\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7 \u2013 \u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03b2\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03bb\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7) \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 (Scharschmidt &amp; Feltman, 1993).<\/p>\n<p>\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bc\u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2\u00a0 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u0399\u03a6\u039d\u0395, \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b9\u03ae \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1.\u00a0 \u03a3\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03bb\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03ac \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 30% (Derogatis &amp; Wise, 1989 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 Harter, et al., 2003).\u00a0 \u0395\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c6\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ce\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bf \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03bb\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5 29 \u2013 35% \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03cd\u03c6\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (Mittermaier, et al., 2004 &amp;Andrews, et al., 1987) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc 80% \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ac\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 60% \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03bb\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (Addolorato, 1997).\u00a0 \u039f \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\/\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0399\u03a6\u039d\u0395.\u00a0 \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03bb\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 (Mittermaier, et al., 2004 &amp; Persoons, 2005).\u00a0 \u0395\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ac\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c1\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u0399\u03a6\u039d\u0395 (Anton, 1999 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 Schwartz &amp; Schwartz, 1982).<\/p>\n<p>\u039c\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c6\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ce\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03cd\u03c6\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2\u00a0 (Nahon, et al., 2011).\u00a0 \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0399\u03a6\u039d\u0395 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7, \u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd (Cosnes, et al., 2011).\u00a0 \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03af \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 (Neuman, 2007).\u00a0 \u0388\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u2019 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03cd\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u039a\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ad\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b1\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03b3\u03c7\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd\u00a0 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u0399\u03a6\u039d\u0395.\u00a0 \u0395\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03ac\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u0399\u03a6\u039d\u0395 (Keefer, et al., 2008 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 Mounder &amp; Levenstein, 2008).\u00a0 \u0388\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0399\u03a6\u039d\u0395 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03bc\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af, \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bc\u03c6\u03b9\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ac\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u0399\u03a6\u039d\u0395 (Camara, et al., 2009 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 Mounder &amp; Levenstein, 2008 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 Hisamatsu, et al., 2007 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 Drossman\u00a0 &amp; Ringel, 2004).\u00a0 \u03a0\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c9\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 (Hisamatsu, et al., 2007 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 Bitton, et al., 2003 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 Mawdsley &amp; Rampton, 2005).<\/p>\n<p>\u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u0399\u03a6\u039d\u0395, \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf, \u03b7 \u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03cd \u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 (\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd), \u03c6\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03ba\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ce\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5, \u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c6\u03cc\u03b2\u03bf \u03c3\u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2, \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c6\u03cc\u03b2\u03bf \u03bc\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 (Drossman &amp; Ringel, 2004 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 Kiebles, et al., 2010). \u00a0\u039a\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u00a0\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03ae \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bf \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd (Casati \u00a0&amp; Toner, 2000 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 Cooper, et al., 2010).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0391\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u0399\u03a6\u039d\u0395 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03a7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03a5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03a5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03ad\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03be\u03b7 \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1, \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03bf\u03be\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd.\u00a0 \u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ac\u03c1\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf (Van De Brink, 2001).\u00a0 \u0388\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b7 \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bb\u03ae\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u00a0 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03af.\u00a0 \u0392\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ae, \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03cd \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 (\u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u039c\u03c0\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2, 2004).<\/p>\n<p>\u039a\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c9\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1.\u00a0 \u0398\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03b5\u03b9, \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd (\u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u039c\u03c0\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2, 2004).<\/p>\n<p>\u03a9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 &lt;&lt;\u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ad\u03ba\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae&gt;&gt; (HMSO 1989).<\/p>\n<p>\u03a3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd Urden L.D. 2002, &lt;&lt;\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd&gt;&gt;.\u00a0 \u038c\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ac\u03c6\u03b8\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b8\u03ad\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 (Verissimo, 1996).\u00a0 \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03b9\u03bf\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a3\u03a5\u03a0\u0396 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1.\u00a0 \u0397 \u03a3\u03a5\u03a0\u0396 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ad\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 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\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 (Garrett, Drossman, 1990).\u00a0 \u0395\u03bd\u03ce \u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03cc\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a3\u03a5\u03a0\u0396 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5, \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 (Drossman, et al., 1989).\u00a0 \u0394\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1\u03b4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b8\u03b1\u03bb\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2 \u00a0\u00a0(Drossman, et al., 1989,\u00a0 Ware, \u00a0et al., 1986).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0395\u03a1\u0395\u03a5\u039d\u0391 \u03a3\u0395 \u039a\u03a5\u03a0\u03a1\u0399\u039f\u03a5\u03a3 \u0391\u03a3\u0398\u0395\u039d\u0395\u0399\u03a3<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u039f\u03b9 \u0399\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03a6\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ce\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u039d\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 (\u0399\u03a6\u039d\u0395), \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03a0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u0396\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u0399\u03a6\u039d\u0395 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 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\u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7.\u00a0 \u03a4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd 100 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u0399\u03a6\u039d\u0395 \u03b5\u03ba \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03c9\u03bd 39% \u03ad\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf Crohn \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 61% \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u0395\u03bb\u03ba\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u039a\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1.\u00a0 \u0397 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03ae\u03c1\u03ba\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 2 \u03bc\u03ae\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Short Inflammatory Disease Questionnaire (SIBDQ) \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03a0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u0396\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03cc\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c8\u03ae\u03c6\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2.\u00a0 \u0391\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b7 \u03a0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u0396\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf Crohn \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u0395\u03bb\u03ba\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u039a\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03be\u03b5\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 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\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u2264 0,05. \u039c\u03b5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b8\u03b7 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u0395\u03bb\u03ba\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u039a\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c1 \u03a0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u0396\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf Crohn, \u0397 \u03a0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u0396\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u0399\u03a6\u039d\u0395 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bb\u03b9\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.\u00a0 \u039c\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u0396\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2 (SIBDQ), \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u0395\u03bb\u03ba\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u039a\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b8\u03b7 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u00a0 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03a0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u0396\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u00a0 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf Crohn.\u00a0 \u0395\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf Crohn \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03a0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u0396\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 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\u03bb\u03b9\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a3\u03a5\u03a0\u0396 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u00a0 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ad\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u0399\u03a6\u039d\u0395.\u00a0 \u0397 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u0399\u03a6\u039d\u0395, \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03b1\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1, \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b5\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b8\u03b1\u03bb\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2.\u00a0 \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u0396\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0392\u0399\u0392\u039b\u0399\u039f\u0393\u03a1\u0391\u03a6\u0399\u0391<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u0395\u039b\u039b\u0397\u039d\u0399\u039a\u0397<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b9\u03b4\u03ac\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2. \u039a., \u039a\u03bf\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2, \u0394., \u0395\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2, \u0399., \u039c\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03ba\u03b7 \u2013 \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03ac\u03ba\u03b7, \u0397. (2011) <em>\u03a0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u0396\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u0391\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u0399\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03a6\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ce\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/em> <em>\u039d\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0395\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5<\/em>. \u039d\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, 50(1): 95 \u2013 103.<\/li>\n<li>\u039c\u03bf\u03c5\u03b6\u03ac\u03c2, \u0393\u0391., \u03a0\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2, \u0391\u0393. (2001) <em>\u0397 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c6\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ce\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/em> <em>\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1<\/em>. \u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd. \u0391\u03c1\u03c7 \u0395\u03bb\u03bb |\u0399\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1, 18: 267 \u2013 271.<\/li>\n<li>\u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5, \u0395., \u039c\u03c0\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2, \u0391. (2004) <em>\u0397 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0399\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b7, \u03b6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 ,<\/em> <em>\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b7 \u03ae \u03ac\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1.<\/em> \u0391\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd.\u0399\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2, 21(4):385-396.\u00a0 \u0398\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03ba\u03b7.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0391\u0393\u0393\u039b\u0399\u039a\u0397<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Addolorato, G., Capristo, E., Stefanini, GF.et al. (1997), <em>Inflammatory bowel disease: a<\/em> <em>study of the association between anxiety and depression, physical morbidity, and<\/em> <em>nutritional status<\/em>. Scand J Gastroenterol; 32:1013\u20131021.<\/li>\n<li>Andrews, H., Barczak, P., Allan, RN. (1987) <em>Psychiatric illness in patients with<\/em> <em>inflammatory bowel disease<\/em>. <em>Gut<\/em>;28:1600 \u20131604.<\/li>\n<li>Anton, PA. (1999), <em>Stress and mind-body impact on the course of inflammatory bowel<\/em> Semin Gastrointest Dis<em>.<\/em>;10:14 \u201319.<\/li>\n<li>Baumgart, DC., Carding, SR. (2007) <em>Inflammatory bowel disease: Cause<\/em> <em>and immunobiology.<\/em> Lancet, 369:1627\u22121640.<\/li>\n<li>Bitton, A., Sewitch, M.J., Peppercomet, M.A. et al. (2003) <em>\u201cPsychosocial determinants of<\/em> <em>relapse in ulcerative colitis: a longitudinal study,\u201d<\/em> American Journal of Gastroenterology, vol. 98, no. 10, pp. 2203\u20132208.<\/li>\n<li>Bjornson, CL., Mitchell, I. (2000) <em>Gender differences in asthma in childhood and<\/em> <em>J Gend Specif Med<\/em>,3:57\u201361 (Review).<\/li>\n<li>Bowling, A. (1995) <em>Measuring Disease. A review of quality of life measurement scales.<\/em>\u00a0 Milton Kayenes, Open University.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00b4amara, J.A, Ziegler, R., Begr\u00b4e, S., Schoepfer, A.M and K\u00a8anel, R. (2009) <em>\u201cThe role of<\/em> <em>psychological stress in inflammatory bowel disease: quality assessment ofmethods of 18<\/em> <em>prospective studies and suggestions for future research,\u201d<\/em> Digestion, vol. 80, no. 2, pp. 129\u2013139.<\/li>\n<li>Casati, J. and Toner, B.B. (2000) \u201c<em>Psychosocial aspects of inflammatory<\/em> <em>bowel disease,\u201d<\/em> <em>Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy<\/em>, vol. 54, no. 7, pp. 388\u2013393.<\/li>\n<li>Cooper, J.M., Collier, J., James, V. and Hawkey, C.J. (2010) <em>\u201cBeliefs about personal<\/em> <em>control and self-management in 30\u201340 year olds living with inflammatory bowel disease: a qualitative study,\u201d<\/em> International Journal of Nursing Studies, vol. 47, no. 12, pp. 1500\u20131509.<\/li>\n<li>Cosnes, J., Gowerrousseau, C., Seksik, P. and Cortot, A. (2011) <em>\u201cEpidemiology and<\/em> <em>natural history of inflammatory bowel diseases,\u201d<\/em> Gastroenterology, vol. 140, no. 6, pp. 1785\u20131794.<\/li>\n<li>Derogatis, LR., Wise, TN. (1989), <em>Anxiety and Depressive Disorders in the Medical Patient<\/em>. Washington: American Psychiatric Press.<\/li>\n<li>Drossman, DA., Patrick, DL., Mitchell, CM. (1989) <em>Zagami EA, Appelbaum MI. Health-related quality of life in inflammatory bowel disease. Functional status and patient worries<\/em> <em>and concerns.<\/em> Dig Dis Sci; 34: 1379\u20131386.<\/li>\n<li>Drossman, D.A and Ringel, Y. (2004) <em>\u201cPsychological factors in ulcerative colitis and<\/em> <em>Crohn\u2019s disease,\u201d<\/em> in Kirsner\u2019s Inflammatory Bowel Disease, R. Sartor and W. Sandborn, Eds., pp. 340\u2013356, WB Saunders, Philadelphia, Pa, USA, 6th edition.<\/li>\n<li>Feldman, M., Friedman, LS., Sleisenger, MH., (eds) (2002): <em>Sleisenger &amp;<\/em> <em>Fordtran&#8217;s gastrointestinal and liver disease: pathophysiology,<\/em> <em>diagnosis, management<\/em><strong>. <\/strong>Philadelphia: Saunders<\/li>\n<li>Garrett, J., Drossman, D. (1990) <em>Health status in inflammatory bowel disease. Biological<\/em> <em>and behavioral considerations<\/em>. Gastroenterology; 99: 90-96.<\/li>\n<li>Hisamatsu, T., Inoue, N., Yajima, T., Izumiya, M., Ichikawa, H. and Hibi, T. (2007) <em>\u201cPsychological aspects of inflammatory bowel<\/em> <em>disease,\u201d<\/em> Journal of Gastroenterology, vol. 42, supplement 17, pp. 34\u201340.<\/li>\n<li>Harter, MC., Conway, KP., Merikangas, KR. (2003), <em>Associations between<\/em> <em>anxiety disorders and physical illness<\/em>. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci;253:313\u2013320.<\/li>\n<li>Hatziagorou, E., Karagianni, P., Vidalis, A., Bullinger, M., Tsanakas, I. &amp; Diasabkids, Group. (2002) <em>Association of clinical variables with cystic fibrosis and health-related<\/em> <em>quality of life.<\/em> Hippokratia, 6:75\u201378.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.bsg.org.uk\/images\/stories\/docs\/clinical\/guidlines\/ibd\/ibd_2011\">http:\/\/www.bsg.org.uk\/images\/stories\/docs\/clinical\/guidlines\/ibd\/ibd_2011<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.efcca.org\/index.php\/about-efcca\/what-are-ibd\">http:\/\/www.efcca.org\/index.php\/about-efcca\/what-are-ibd<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.eligast.gr\/files\/fyladia\/FylladioIFNE7.pdf\">http:\/\/www.eligast.gr\/files\/fyladia\/FylladioIFNE7.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Juniper, EF., Norman, GR., Cox, FM., Roberts, JN. (2001<em>) Comparison of the standard<\/em> <em>gamble, rating scale, AQLQ and SF-36 for measuring quality in asthma.<\/em> Eur Respir, 18:38\u201344.<\/li>\n<li>Keefer, L., Keshavarzian, A. and Mutlu, E. (2008) <em>\u201cReconsidering the methodology of<\/em> <em>\u201cstress\u201d research in inflammatory bowel disease,\u201d<\/em> Journal of Crohn\u2019s and Colitis, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 193\u2013201.<\/li>\n<li>Kiebles, J.L, Doerfler, B. and Keefer, L.(2010) <em>\u201cPreliminary evidence supporting a<\/em> <em>framework of psychological adjustment to inflammatory bowel disease<\/em>,\u201d Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, vol. 16, no. 10, pp. 1685\u20131695.<\/li>\n<li>Mawdsley, J.E. and Rampton, D.S. (2005)<em> \u201cPsychological stress in IBD: new insights into pathogenic and therapeutic implications,\u201d <\/em>Gut, vol. 54, no. 10, pp. 1481\u20131491.<\/li>\n<li>Maunder, R. and Levenstein, S. (2008) <em>\u201cThe role of stress in the development<\/em> <em>and clinical course of inflammatory bowel disease: epidemiological<\/em> <em>evidence,\u201d<\/em> CurrentMolecularMedicine, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 247\u2013252.<\/li>\n<li>Mittermaier, C., Dejaco, C., Waldhoer, T. et al. (2004) <em>Impact of depressive mood<\/em> <em>on relapse in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a prospective<\/em> <em>18-month follow-up study<\/em>. Psychosom Med;66:79\u201384.<\/li>\n<li>Moons Ph. (2004) <em>Quality of life in adults with congenital heart disease: Beyond the<\/em> <em>quantity of life.<\/em> Doctoral Desertation Katholike Universiteit Leuven. Faculty of Medicine School of Public Health.<\/li>\n<li>Nahon, S., Lahmek, P., Saas, C. et al. (2011) <em>\u201cSocioeconomic and psychological factors<\/em> <em>associated with nonadherence to treatment in inflammatory bowel disease patients: results<\/em> <em>of the ISSEO survey,\u201d<\/em> Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, vol. 17, no. 6, pp. 1270\u20131276.<\/li>\n<li>Neuman, M.G. (2007),\u201c<em>Immune dysfunction in inflammatory bowel disease,\u201d<\/em> Translational Research, vol. 149, no. 4, pp. 173\u2013186.<\/li>\n<li>Persoons, P., Vermeire, S., Demyttenaere, K. et al. (2005), <em>The impact of major<\/em> <em>depressive disorder on the short- and long-term outcome of Crohn\u2019s<\/em> <em>disease treatment with infliximab<\/em>. Aliment Pharmacol Ther;22:101\u2013110.<\/li>\n<li>Pontes, RMA., Miszputen, SJ., Ferreira-Filho, OF., Miranda, C., Ferraz, MB. (2004) <em>Qualidade de vida em pacientes portadores de doen\u00e7a inflamat\u00f3ria intestinal: tradu\u00e7\u00e3o para<\/em> <em>o portugu\u00eas e valida\u00e7\u00e3o do question\u00e1rio Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire<\/em> <em>(IBDQ).<\/em> Arq Gastroenterol;41(2):137-43.<\/li>\n<li>Schwartz, RA., Schwartz, JK. (1982), <em>Psychiatric disorders associated with<\/em> <em>Crohn\u2019s disease.<\/em> Int J Psychiatry Med<em>.<\/em>;12:67\u201373.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>Shearman, DJC., Finlayson, NDC., Camilleri, M., (eds) (1997): <em>Diseases of<\/em> <em>the gastrointestinal tract and liver<\/em><strong>. <\/strong>Edinburgh; New York: Churchill Livingstone.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"36\">\n<li>Spitzer, WO., Dobson, AG., Hall, J., Chesterman, E., Levi, J., Shepherd, R. et al (1981) <em>Measuring the Quality of Life of cancer patients: A consist gl-index for use by phycisians.<\/em>Chronic Dis.?34(12):585-97.<\/li>\n<li>Till, JE., Sutherland, HJ., Meslin, EM. (1992) <em>Is there a role for preference assesments in<\/em> <em>research on quality of life in oncology?<\/em> Quality of life<\/li>\n<li>Tocchi, A., Lepre, L., Liotta, G., Mazzoni, G., Costa, G., Taborra, L., Miccini,M. (1997): <em>Familial and psychological risk factors of ulcerative<\/em> <em>colitis<\/em><strong>.<\/strong> Ital J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 29(5):395-398.<\/li>\n<li>Urden, LD. (2002) <em>Patient satisfaction measurement: current issues and implication.<\/em> Outcomes Management, 7:194\u2013200.<\/li>\n<li>Van De Brink, J. (2001) <em>Eurocommunication study: Gender differences in doctor-patients communication in general practice<\/em>. NIVEL Institute, The Netherlands.<\/li>\n<li>Verissimo, R. (1996) <em>Quality of Life and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: research<\/em> <em>and clinic.<\/em> Arq Hepato-Gasterenterol; 5: 63-69.<\/li>\n<li>Verissimo, R. (1995) <em>Quality of Life<\/em>. In<em>: Chaves C, Veloso T (eds<\/em>). <em>Inflammatory Bowel Disease<\/em>. Biblioteca Gastrenterol\u00f3gica. Lisbon: Permanyer Portugal, 1995; pp 133-8.<\/li>\n<li>Ware, JE Jr., Brook, RH., Rogers, WH. et al. (1986) <em>Comparison of health outcomes at a<\/em> <em>health maintenance organization with those of fee for service care<\/em>. Lancet; 1: 1017-1022.<\/li>\n<li>Ware, JE., Brook, RH., Davis-Arery, A. (1980) <em>Conceptualization and measurement of<\/em> <em>health for adults in health insurance study: model of Health and Methology<\/em>. Vol.1 Santa Monica, Carand Coorp.<\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u03a3\u03a5\u03a3\u03a7\u0395\u03a4\u0399\u0396\u039f\u039c\u0395\u039d\u0397 \u039c\u0395 \u03a4\u0397\u039d \u03a5\u0393\u0395\u0399\u0391 \u03a0\u039f\u0399\u039f\u03a4\u0397\u03a4\u0391 \u0396\u03a9\u0397\u03a3 \u03a3\u03a4\u039f\u03a5\u03a3 \u0391\u03a3\u0398\u0395\u039d\u0395\u0399\u03a3 \u039c\u0395 \u0399\u0394\u0399\u039f\u03a0\u0391\u0398\u0395\u0399\u03a3 \u03a6\u039b\u0395\u0393\u039c\u039f\u039d\u03a9\u0394\u0395\u0399\u03a3 \u039d\u039f\u03a3\u039f\u03a5\u03a3 \u03a4\u039f\u03a5 \u0395\u039d\u03a4\u0395\u03a1\u039f\u03a5 \u00a0 Maria Tsoukka1,2, Eleni Jelastopulu1,3, George Charalambous1,4 1Postgraduate Program Health Management, Frederick University, Nicosia, Cyprus 2General Hospital of Larnaca, Larnaca, Cyprus 3Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Greece 4General Hospital of Athens \u201cHippocratio\u201d, Athens, Greece &nbsp; \u0395\u0399\u03a3\u0391\u0393\u03a9\u0393\u0397 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1164,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,37],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1163","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-20","category-37"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u03a0\u039f\u0399\u039f\u03a4\u0397\u03a4\u0391 \u0396\u03a9\u0397\u03a3 \u03a3\u03a4\u039f\u03a5\u03a3 \u0391\u03a3\u0398\u0395\u039d\u0395\u0399\u03a3 \u039c\u0395 \u0399\u0394\u0399\u039f\u03a0\u0391\u0398\u0395\u0399\u03a3 \u03a6\u039b\u0395\u0393\u039c\u039f\u039d\u03a9\u0394\u0395\u0399\u03a3 \u039d\u039f\u03a3\u039f\u03a5\u03a3 \u03a4\u039f\u03a5 \u0395\u039d\u03a4\u0395\u03a1\u039f\u03a5 - 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